Here, you can get quality custom essays, as well as a dissertation, a research paper, or term papers for sale. Any paper will be written on time for a cheap price. Using our cheap essay writing help is beneficial not only because of its easy access and low cost, but because of how helpful it can be to your studies. Buy custom written papers Oct 13, · 2, Likes, Comments - University of South Carolina (@uofsc) on Instagram: “Do you know a future Gamecock thinking about #GoingGarnet? �� ••• Tag them to make sure they apply ” As the child develops, the verbal interaction increases and depending on the appropriateness or the effectiveness of the interaction, the development progress will be determined. This means that how the parent speaks to the child or how often word or sentences are used will determine how quickly the child’s language is developed
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Genie born is the dissertation on wild child genie of an American feral dissertation on wild child genie who was a victim of severe abuseneglectand social isolation. Her circumstances are prominently recorded in the annals of linguistics and abnormal child psychology. During this period, he almost always strapped her into a child's toilet or bound her in a crib with her arms and legs immobilized, forbade anyone from interacting with her, provided her with almost no stimulation of any kind, and left her severely malnourished.
Her abuse came to the attention of Los Angeles child welfare authorities in Novemberwhen she was 13 years and 7 months old. Psychologists, linguists, and other scientists initially focused a great deal of attention on Genie's case. Upon determining that Genie had not yet learned language, linguists saw Genie as providing an opportunity to gain further insight into the processes controlling language acquisition skills and to test theories and hypotheses identifying critical periods during which humans learn to understand and use language.
Throughout the time scientists studied Genie, she made substantial advances in her overall mental and psychological development. Within months, she developed exceptional nonverbal communication skills and gradually learned some basic social skillsbut even by dissertation on wild child genie end of their case study, she still exhibited many behavioral traits characteristic of an unsocialized person. She also continued to learn and use new language skills throughout the time they tested her, but ultimately remained unable to fully acquire a first language.
Authorities initially arranged for Genie's admission to the Children's Hospital Los Angeleswhere a team of physicians and psychologists managed her care for several months. Her subsequent living arrangements became the subject of rancorous debate. In Juneshe left the hospital to live with her teacher from the hospital, but a month and a half later, dissertation on wild child genie, authorities placed her with the family of the scientist heading the research team, with whom she lived for almost four years.
Soon after turning 18, Genie returned to live with her mother, who decided after a few months that she could not adequately care for her. Authorities then moved her into the first of what would become a series of institutions for disabled adults, and the people running it cut her off from almost everyone she knew and subjected her to extreme physical and emotional abuse. In JanuaryGenie's mother abruptly forbade all scientific observations and testing of Genie.
Little is known about her circumstances since then, dissertation on wild child genie. Her current whereabouts are uncertain, although she is believed to be living in the care of the state of California. In particular, scientists have compared Genie to Victor of Aveyrona 19th-century French child who was also the subject of a case study in delayed psychological development and late language acquisition. Genie was the last, and also second surviving, of four children born to parents living in Arcadia, California.
Her father worked in a factory as a flight mechanic during World War II and continued in aviation afterward, and her mother, who was around 20 years younger and from an Oklahoma farming family, had come to southern California as a teenager with family dissertation on wild child genie fleeing the Dust Bowl. Genie's father mostly grew up in orphanages in the American Pacific Northwest.
His father died of a lightning strike, and his mother ran a brothel while only infrequently seeing him. Additionally, his mother gave him a feminine first name which made him the target of constant derision. As a result, he harbored extreme resentment toward his mother during childhood, which Genie's brother and the scientists who studied Genie believed was the root cause of his subsequent anger problems.
When Genie's father reached adulthood he changed his first name to one which was more typically masculine, and his mother began to spend as much time with him as she could, dissertation on wild child genie. He became almost singularly fixated on his mother, despite having relentless arguments over her attempts to convince him to adopt a less rigid lifestyle, and therefore came to treat all other relationships as secondary at best.
Genie's father disliked children and wanted none of his own, finding them noisy, dissertation on wild child genie, but around five years into their marriage his wife became pregnant. Although he beat his wife throughout the pregnancy, and near the end attempted to strangle her to death, dissertation on wild child genie, she gave birth to an apparently healthy daughter. Her father found her cries disturbing and placed her in the garage, where she caught pneumonia and died at the age of ten weeks.
His father forced his wife to keep him quiet, causing significant physical and linguistic developmental delays. When he reached the age of four his maternal grandmother grew concerned about his development and took over his care for several months, and he made good progress with her before she eventually returned him to his parents.
Genie was born about five years after her brother, around the time that her father began to isolate himself and his family from all other people. The following day she showed signs of Rh incompatibility and required a blood transfusiondissertation on wild child genie, but had no sequelae and was otherwise described as healthy.
The splint caused Genie to be late to walk, and researchers believed this led her father to start speculating that she was mentally retarded. As a result, he made a concentrated effort not to talk to or pay attention to her, and strongly discouraged his wife and son from doing so as well. There is little information about Genie's early life, but available records indicate that for her first months she displayed relatively normal development.
Genie's mother later recalled that Genie was not a cuddly baby, did not babble much, and resisted solid food. Researchers never determined which was the truth. At the age of 11 months Genie was still in overall good health and had no noted mental abnormalities, but had fallen to the 11th percentile for weight.
The people who later studied her believed this was a sign that she was starting dissertation on wild child genie suffer some degree of malnutrition. The pediatrician said that, although her illness prevented a definitive diagnosis, there was a possibility that she was mentally retarded and that the brain dysfunction kernicterus might be present, further amplifying her father's dissertation on wild child genie that she was severely retarded. Six months later, when Genie was 20 months old, her paternal grandmother was killed in a hit-and-run traffic accident.
Her death affected Genie's father far beyond normal levels dissertation on wild child genie grief, and because his son had been walking with her he held his son responsible, further heightening his anger. Scientists believed these events made him feel society had failed him and convinced him dissertation on wild child genie would need to protect his family from the outside world, but in doing so he lacked the self-awareness to recognize the destruction his actions caused.
Because he believed Genie was severely retarded he thought she needed him to protect her even further, and therefore chose to hide her existence as far as possible. Upon moving, Genie's father increasingly confined Genie to the second bedroom in the back of the house while the rest of the family slept in the living room. It was designed to function as a straitjacketand while in it Genie wore nothing but a diaper and could only move her extremities.
Researchers concluded that, if Genie vocalized or made any other noise, her father beat her with a large plank that he kept in her room. If he suspected her of doing something he did not like, he made these noises outside the door and beat her if he believed she had continued to do it, dissertation on wild child genie, instilling an extremely intense and persistent fear of cats and dogs in Genie. No one definitively discerned the exact reason for his dog-like behavior, although at least one scientist speculated he may have viewed himself as a guard dog and was acting out the role.
Genie developed a tendency to masturbate in socially inappropriate contexts, which led doctors to seriously consider the possibility that Genie's father subjected her to sexual dissertation on wild child genie or forced her brother to do so, although they never uncovered any definite evidence. Genie's father fed Genie as little as possible and refused to give her solid food, feeding her only baby food, cereal, Pabluman occasional soft-boiled egg, and liquids.
Her father, or when coerced, her brother, spooned food into her mouth as dissertation on wild child genie as possible, and if she choked or could not swallow fast enough the person feeding her rubbed her face in her food, dissertation on wild child genie.
Genie's mother claimed her husband always fed Genie three times a day but also said that Genie sometimes risked a beating by making noise when hungry, leading researchers to believe he often refused to feed her. This sleep pattern continued for several months after she began to receive medical attention. Genie's father had an extremely low tolerance for noiseto the point of refusing to have a working television or radio in the house.
He almost never allowed his wife or son to talk and viciously dissertation on wild child genie them if they did so without permission, particularly forbidding them to speak to or around Genie. Any conversation between them was therefore very quiet and out of Genie's earshot, preventing her from hearing any meaningful amount of language. On rare occasions he allowed Genie to play with plastic food containers, old spools of thread, TV Guides with many of the illustrations cut out, and the raincoats.
Throughout this time, Genie's father almost never permitted anyone else to leave the house, only allowing his son to go to and from school and requiring him to prove his identity through various means before entering, and to discourage disobedience dissertation on wild child genie frequently sat in the living room with a shotgun in his lap.
He did not allow anyone else in or near the house, and kept his gun nearby in case someone did come. Genie's mother was passive by nature and almost completely blind throughout this time. Her husband continued to beat her and threatened to kill her if she attempted to contact her parents, close friends who lived nearby, or the police. In Octoberwhen Genie was approximately 13 years and six months old, Genie's parents had a violent argument in which her mother threatened to walk out if she could not call her own parents.
Her husband eventually relented, and later that day she left with Genie when he was out of the house and went to her parents in Monterey Park ; Genie's brother, by then 18, had already run away from home dissertation on wild child genie was living with friends.
Genie's parents were arrested and Genie became a ward of the courtand due to her physical condition and near-total unsocialized state a court order was immediately issued for Genie to be taken to the Children's Hospital Los Angeles.
Upon Genie's admission to Children's Hospital, David Rigler, a therapist and University of Southern California psychology professor who was the chief psychologist at the hospital, and Howard Hansen, then the head of the psychiatry dissertation on wild child genie and an early expert on child abuse, took direct control of Genie's care, dissertation on wild child genie.
The following day they assigned physician James Kent, another early advocate for child abuse awareness, to conduct the first examinations of her. Even after its conclusion, there were a large number of unresolved questions about Genie's childhood that subsequent research never answered.
News of Genie reached major media outlets on November 17, receiving a great deal of local and national attention, and the one photograph authorities released of Genie significantly fueled public interest in her. On November dissertation on wild child genie, the morning before a scheduled court appearance on child abuse charges, he committed suicide by gunshot.
One note—sources conflict as to which—contained the declaration, "The world will never understand. After Genie's father committed suicide, authorities and hospital staff exclusively focused on Genie and her mother; years later Genie's brother said his mother soon began dedicating all of her love and attention to Genie, after which he left the Los Angeles area. She told the court that the beatings from her husband and her near-total blindness had left her unable to protect her children.
James Kent stated that his initial examinations of Genie revealed by far the most severe case of child abuse he would ever encounter, and came away extremely pessimistic about her prognosis, dissertation on wild child genie.
She had two nearly full sets of teeth in her mouth and a distended abdomen. Genie's gross motor skills were extremely weak; she could neither stand up straight nor fully straighten any of her limbs, and she had very little endurance. Doctors found it extremely difficult to test or estimate Genie's mental age or any of her cognitive abilities, but on two attempts they found Genie scored at the level of a month-old.
She seemed especially curious about unfamiliar sounds, and Kent noted that she very intently searched for their sources. From the start Genie dissertation on wild child genie interest in many hospital staff members, often approaching and walking with complete strangers, but Kent said she did not seem to distinguish between people and showed no signs of attachment to anybody, including her mother and brother.
Genie's behavior was typically highly antisocial and proved extremely difficult for others to control. Regardless of where she was she constantly salivated and spat, and continually sniffed and blew her nose on anything that happened to be nearby. Doctors wrote that she acted on impulse irrespective of the setting, especially noting that she frequently engaged in open masturbation and would sometimes attempt to involve older men in it.
From the start Genie showed a small amount of responsiveness to nonverbal information, including gestures and facial expressions from other people, and made reasonably good eye contact. To make noise, she would push chairs or other similar objects. Linguists later discerned that, in JanuaryGenie showed an understanding of only her own name, the names of a few others, and about 15—20 words, and her active vocabulary at the time consisted of two phrases, "stop it" and "no more".
They could not determine the extent of her expressive or receptive vocabulary at any point before Januaryand therefore did not know whether she had acquired any or all of these words during the preceding two months. Within a month after Genie's admission to Children's Hospital, Jay Shurley, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Oklahoma and a specialist in extreme social isolation, took an interest in her case.
Shurley noted that Genie's was the most severe case of isolation he had ever studied or heard about, which he maintained more than 20 years later.
Shurley found no signs of brain damage but observed a few persistent abnormalities in Genie's sleep, including a significantly reduced amount of REM sleep with a variance in duration much larger than average, and an unusually high number of sleep spindles bursts of rhythmic or repetitive neural activity.
Much later, dissertation on wild child genie, for example, Susan Curtiss emphatically argued that, though Genie clearly had serious emotional difficulties, she could not have been retarded.
She pointed out that Genie made a year's developmental progress for every calendar year after her rescue, which would not be expected if her condition was congenital, and that some aspects of language Genie acquired were uncharacteristic of mentally retarded people. In his first meeting with Genie, James Kent initially observed no reactions from her but eventually drew a small amount of nonverbal and verbal responsiveness with a small puppet.
Playing with this and similar puppets quickly became her favorite activity and, apart from her tantrums, accounted for most of the few times she expressed any emotion during the early part of her stay. Genie quickly began growing and putting on weight, and steadily became more confident in her movements. By December, she had good eye—hand coordination and was much better at focusing her eyes.
During the first few months of her stay, giving her one of these objects could bring her out of a tantrum. After a few weeks Genie became much more responsive to other people, and shortly afterward began paying attention to people speaking, but at first she remained mostly unexpressive and it was unclear whether she responded more to verbal or nonverbal stimuli.
Around the same time it was noted that Genie took pleasure in intentionally dropping or destroying small objects, and enjoyed watching someone else do the same to something she had been playing with.
Genie (feral child)
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